Also, uric acid elevation can increase insulin resistance which is a condition wherein the body do not respond to the function of insulin[1] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U. S. National Institutes of Health Go to source . This can further elevate the blood sugar levels of a person, leading to diabetic symptoms. Purine-rich foods are mackerel, anchovies, organ meats, dried beans, peas, canned goods, instant noodles, wine and beer.
Also, fructose is considered a sugar. Consuming foods rich in fructose can elevate the blood sugar of a person and lead to occurrence of symptoms. Foods to avoid are apples, bananas, pears, agave, melons, asparagus, beans, broccoli, cabbage, onion, tomato, peanuts, raisins, figs, carbonated drinks, fruit drinks, ketchup, canned goods, chocolate, pastries and breakfast cereals.
Increased levels of ethanol (alcohol) in the body increase the body’s production of uric acid by increasing the amount of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) that is converted to AMP (Adenosine monophosphate) - a precursor of uric acid[2] X Research source . Also, alcohol can affect the body’s sensitivity to insulin.
High levels of cholesterol in the body can increase the blood pressure and can lead to the occurrence of diabetic symptoms. Include at least one high-fiber food in each major meal or snacks such as pineapple, oats, isabgol, cucumbers, oranges, barley, carrots and celery. The ideal daily intake is 21 grams[8] X Research source Coleman, E. , n. d. .
Foods rich in anthocyanins are eggplant, blueberries, cranberries, plums, black currant, grapes, pomegranates, red fleshed peaches and cherries. You should include at least one of these foods in each major meal or snack.
Also, the eicosa pentanoic acid (EPA) in omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the levels of cholesterol and uric acid. The recommended dose for omega-3 fatty acids is not more than 3 grams daily[12] X Research source University of Maryland Medical Center, n. d. . Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids are sardines, salmon, soybeans, flax seeds, walnuts, tofu, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, shrimp and winter squash.
Carbohydrates should provide 45 - 65% of total daily calories. Fats should provide 25 - 35% of daily calories. Protein should provide 12 - 20% of daily calories
For example, if you have eaten 100 grams of fat in a meal, then the number of calories consumed is 900 (9 multiplied by 100). If you have eaten 100 grams of protein, then you have consumed 400 calories (4 multiplied by 100). If you have eaten 200 grams of carbohydrates, then you have consumed 800 calories (4 multiplied by 200). Once you know the number of calories from fat, carbohydrates and protein, add them up to get the total calories for that day. So 900 + 400 + 800 = 2100 calories. After this you can now determine the percentage of calories you have consumed. To do this, divide the number of calories from each nutrient by the total number of calories for that day and multiply it by 100. So, for fat: (900/2100) x 100 = 42. 8 percent. For protein: (400/2100) x 100 = 19 percent. For carbohydrates: (800/2100) x 100 = 38 percent. Once you are aware of the general dietary guidelines for diabetic persons using this basic computation, you can easily tell if your diet falls in the normal range.
200 ml of milk or orange juice 6 to 8 hard candies ¼ French fry 1 cup of soup 1 small piece of fruit (about 4 oz) 1 slice of bread ½ cup of oatmeal 1/3 cup of rice or pasta 4 to 6 crackers ½ hamburger bun 3 oz of baked potato 2 small cookies 2 inches (5. 1 cm) of cake without frosting 6 chicken nuggets ½ cup of casserole
Good-quality protein sources are defined as those that have PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility–Corrected Amino Acid Scoring Pattern) scores[10] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U. S. National Institutes of Health Go to source . This is essentially a grading scale for protein, with 1 being the highest score and 0 being the lowest. Here is a breakdown of the common proteins and their PDCAAS score: 1. 00 for casein, soy products, egg white, whey 0. 9 for beef and soybeans 0. 7 for black beans, chickpeas, fruits, vegetables and legumes 0. 5 for cereals and peanuts 0. 4 for whole wheat.
To compute for the daily recommended intake in grams: if the diabetic patient has a diet of 1500 calories per day for example, then multiply 1500 by 0. 25 and . 35 to get a range of 375 to 525, then divide each by 9. So 375/9 = 41. 6, and 525/9 = 58. 3. This gives you a range of 41. 6 to 58. 3 grams of fat per day[15] X Research source acaloriecounter. com. , n. d. . For diabetics, healthy fats such as Omega-3 fatty acids are recommended.
Gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in the joints, causing intense pain and inflammation. Urate crystals can form when a person has high levels of uric acid in the blood. Gout causes sudden, extreme attacks of pain, redness and swelling. Gouty arthritis most often affects the big toe, but it also can occur in the ankles, feet, knees, wrists and hands.
Without sufficient insulin, the blood sugar cannot be absorbed by the body’s cells and remains in the bloodstream. In people with diabetes, there is the inability of the body to produce insulin or the insulin does not work like it should. Diabetes has two types: Type 1 diabetes. The body’s immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, which is responsible for the production of insulin. Type 2 diabetes. The pancreas can still produce insulin but the body does not respond well to it, so the insulin doesn’t work. In both types of diabetes, the glucose cannot normally enter the cells and remains in the bloodstream, resulting in high levels of blood sugar.
Non-modifiable Factors: Age: As the body ages, its functions deteriorate. It may be unable to excrete uric acid any more which can lead to gout, or it may be unable to utilize insulin anymore, which can lead to diabetes. Family history: Both gout and diabetes can be inherited. If one of your family members has gout or diabetes, then there is a chance that you may inherit the disease as well. Gender:. Both gout and diabetes more often occur in men than women. This is because men have higher uric acid levels and are less sensitive to insulin[16] X Research source NHS Choices, 2011, October 5 . Modifiable Factors: Obesity: More adipose tissues from fats can produce and secrete more uric acid which can cause gout[17] X Research source Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2013, September 20 . Also, insulin does not easily bind to fats, which can increase a person’s risk of diabetes. Diet and lifestyle: Excessive intake of alcohol can affect the body’s normal process of excreting uric acid, which can lead to gout. Also, alcohol can affect the body’s sensitivity to insulin[18] X Research source Zilkens, R. , Burke, V. , n. d. which can lead to diabetes.
Joint pain and inflammation: This is caused by elevated deposits of crystallized uric acid in the joints. This uric acid may irritate the joints and lead to inflammation. The pain in the joint can be described as sharp or excruciating. Kidney problems: Increased uric acid can cause kidney stone formation, which leads to problems with urination. The kidney stones may block urine passage.
Blurred or impaired vision: Due to low levels of glucose (which provides energy for the body) certain parts of the body, such as the eyes, become weak due to insufficient energy. Confusion which may lead to delirium: Due to insufficient glucose, the vital organs such as the brain are not working properly. Extreme hunger leading to excessive eating: The body compensates for its lack of energy by releasing Ghrelin (hunger hormone) which gives the person the urge to eat[19] X Research source Dopart, S. , 2010, October 25 . Extreme thirst leading to excessive drinking: When the body loses fluids because of frequent urination in diabetes, the body secretes vasopressin (also known as anti-diuretic hormone) which activates the thirst mechanism and stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water[20] X Research source Knott, L. , 2013, January 11 . The person responds by drinking a lot of water in order to replace lost fluids. Rapid or fast heartbeat: Because the body has no source of energy such as glucose, the heart compensates by speeding up the pumping of blood to the body’s vital organs. Weakness or fatigue: Because the body does not have enough glucose, the sufferer may experience weakness and fatigue.
Blurred or impaired vision: Abnormally high glucose levels in the blood can lead to swelling of the lens, which causes blurred vision[21] X Research source Steinmehl, E. , 2010, August 25 . Confusion which may lead to delirium: In hyperglycemia, although there may be a high level of blood glucose, it is not transported into the cells because of lack of insulin or insulin does not respond well to the body, so there is still no source of energy. The vital organs such as the brain don’t work properly due to insufficient energy. Extreme thirst leading to excessive drinking: When the body loses fluids because of frequent urination in diabetes, the body secretes vasopressin which functions to activate the thirst mechanism and stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb water[22] X Research source Knott, L. , 2013, January 11 . The person responds by drinking a lot of water in order to replace lost fluids. Frequent urination: With hyperglycemia, not all of the blood sugar can be reabsorbed and some of the excess blood glucose is secreted in the urine where it draws more water[23] X Research source Diabetes. co. uk, n. d. . The kidneys attempt to decrease blood glucose levels by excreting the excess blood glucose through the urine. Headaches: In an attempt to get rid of the excess sugar, the body increases urine output. This increase in urination leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance that results in headache[24] X Research source Sloane, n. d. . Rapid or fast heartbeat: Because the body has no source of energy such as glucose, the heart compensates by speeding up the pumping of blood into the vital parts of the body. Weakness or fatigue: Insufficient energy - due to the inability of glucose to be absorbed by the cells - leads to weakness and fatigue.
